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The formula above made it much easier to estimate the energy-based magnitude M w , but it changed the fundamental nature of the scale into a moment magnitude scale. USGS seismologist Thomas C. Hanks noted that Kanamori's M w scale was very similar to a relationship between M L and M 0 that was reported by Thatcher & Hanks (1973)
An earthquake's seismic moment can be estimated in various ways, which are the bases of the M wb, M wr, M wc, M ww, M wp, M i, and M wpd scales, all subtypes of the generic M w scale. See Moment magnitude scale § Subtypes for details. Seismic moment is considered the most objective measure of an earthquake's "size" in regard of total energy. [50]
The scalar seismic moment is defined by the equation =, where μ {\displaystyle \mu } is the shear modulus of the rocks involved in the earthquake (in pascals (Pa), i.e. newtons per square meter) A {\displaystyle A} is the area of the rupture along the geologic fault where the earthquake occurred (in square meters), and
Kanamori and American seismologist Thomas C. Hanks developed the moment magnitude scale which replaced the Richter scale as a measurement of the relative strength of earthquakes. [1] [2] [3] Kanamori invented the method for calculating slip distribution on the fault plane by teleseismic waveform with Masayuki Kikuchi. In addition, they studied ...
The moment of force, or torque, is a first moment: =, or, more generally, .; Similarly, angular momentum is the 1st moment of momentum: =.Momentum itself is not a moment.; The electric dipole moment is also a 1st moment: = for two opposite point charges or () for a distributed charge with charge density ().
The magnetic moment of an object is an intrinsic property and does not change with distance, and thus can be used to measure "how strong" a magnet is. For example, Earth possesses an enormous magnetic moment, however we are very distant from its center and experience only a tiny magnetic flux density (measured in tesla ) on its surface.
Euclidean vector, a quantity defined by both its magnitude and its direction; Magnitude (mathematics), the relative size of an object; Norm (mathematics), a term for the size or length of a vector; Order of magnitude, the class of scale having a fixed value ratio to the preceding class; Scalar (mathematics), a quantity defined only by its magnitude
Magnetic moment (or magnetic dipole moment) m: The component of magnetic strength and orientation that can be represented by an equivalent magnetic dipole: N⋅m/T L 2 I: vector Magnetization: M: Amount of magnetic moment per unit volume A/m L −1 I: vector field Momentum: p →: Product of an object's mass and velocity kg⋅m/s L M T −1 ...