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Telos is the root of the modern term teleology, the study of purposiveness or of objects with a view to their aims, purposes, or intentions. Teleology is central in Aristotle's work on plant and animal biology, and human ethics, through his theory of the four causes. Aristotle's notion that everything has a telos also gave rise to epistemology. [3]
Plato (left) and Aristotle, depicted here in The School of Athens, both developed philosophical arguments addressing the universe's apparent order (). Teleology (from τέλος, telos, 'end', 'aim', or 'goal', and λόγος, logos, 'explanation' or 'reason') [1] or finality [2] [3] is a branch of causality giving the reason or an explanation for something as a function of its end, its ...
This understanding of nature, and Aristotle's arguments against materialist understandings of nature, were very influential in the Middle Ages in Europe. The idea of fixed species remained dominant in biology until Darwin, and a focus upon biology is still common today in teleological criticisms of modern science. [citation needed]
Aristotelianism (/ ˌ ær ɪ s t ə ˈ t iː l i ə n ɪ z əm / ARR-i-stə-TEE-lee-ə-niz-əm) is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics.
Progression of Animals (or On the Gait of Animals; Greek: Περὶ πορείας ζῴων; Latin: De incessu animalium) is one of Aristotle's major texts on biology.It gives details of gait and movement in various kinds of animals, as well as speculating over the structural homologies among living things.
The works of Aristotle, sometimes referred to by modern scholars with the Latin phrase Corpus Aristotelicum, is the collection of Aristotle's works that have survived from antiquity. According to a distinction that originates with Aristotle himself, his writings are divisible into two groups: the " exoteric " and the " esoteric ". [ 1 ]
Teleology, First Principles, and Scientific Method in Aristotle's Biology, Oxford Aristotle Studies, Oxford University Press, 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-928795-6 Concepts and Their Role in Knowledge: Reflections on Objectivist Epistemology (Ayn Rand Society Philosophical Studies), edit. with James G. Lennox , University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013, ISBN ...
Katayama, Errol G. Aristotle on Artifacts: A Metaphysical Puzzle. SUNY Series in Ancient Greek Philosophy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1999. Lennox, James G. 'Aristotle's Biology'. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 16 July 2021. Nielsen, Karen. 'The Private Parts of Animals: Aristotle on the Teleology of Sexual Difference'.