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Like other antidepressants, tetracyclic antidepressants work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters (including serotonin and norepinephrine) affected in people with depression or ...
Key symptoms include excessive anxiety about multiple events and issues, and difficulty controlling worrisome thoughts, that persists for at least 6 months. Antidepressants provide a modest-to-moderate reduction in anxiety in GAD, [25] and are superior to placebo in treating GAD. The efficacy of different antidepressants is similar. [25]
Some people may need antidepressants for a relatively short period (like while grieving the loss of a loved one), or they might need medication long-term, if the depression is chronic.
Therefore, the person can be misdiagnosed with unipolar depression and be given antidepressants. Studies have shown that antidepressant-induced mania can occur in 20–40% of people with bipolar disorder. [147] For bipolar depression, antidepressants (most frequently SSRIs) can exacerbate or trigger symptoms of hypomania and mania. [148]
As an SSRI antidepressant, escitalopram is commonly prescribed to treat depression. The FDA also approves it for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
The pharmacology of antidepressants is not entirely clear.. The earliest and probably most widely accepted scientific theory of antidepressant action is the monoamine hypothesis (which can be traced back to the 1950s), which states that depression is due to an imbalance (most often a deficiency) of the monoamine neurotransmitters (namely serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine). [1]
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