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France's independent court system enjoys special statutory protection from the executive branch. Procedures for the appointment, promotion, and removal of judges vary depending on whether it is for the ordinary ("judiciaire") or the administrative stream. Judicial appointments in the judicial stream must be approved by a special panel, the High ...
The French judiciary courts (French: ordre judiciaire), also known as "ordinary courts", are one of two main divisions of the dual jurisdictional system in France, the other division being the administrative courts (French: ordre administratif). [1] Ordinary courts have jurisdiction over two branches of law:
The Court of Cassation also gives advisory opinions on the law on reference from lower courts. [48] At the appellate level, there are 36 Courts of Appeal (cour d’appel), with jurisdiction on appeals in civil and criminal matters. [3] A Court of Appeal will usually have specialist chambers on civil, social, criminal, and juvenile matters. [48]
The building of the Court of Cassation. The prosecution, or parquet général, is headed by the Chief Prosecutor (procureur général). [c] The Chief Prosecutor is a judicial officer, but does not prosecute cases; instead, his function is to advise the Court on how to proceed, analogous to the Commissioner-in-Council's [d] role within the Conseil d'État (lit.
In France, the term criminal procedure (French: procédure pénale) has two meanings; a narrow one, referring to the process that happens during a criminal case as it proceeds through the phases of receiving and investigating a complaint, arresting suspects, and bringing them to trial, resulting in possible sentencing—and a broader meaning referring to the way the justice system is organized ...
Schema showing jurisdictional dualism in the French legal system. France has a dual system of law: one system deals with private relationships, and is sometimes called "private law" (droit privé) or "ordinary law" (droit commun), and the other system which covers administrative officials, and is called "administrative law" (droit administratif).
Cour de cassation in France is an example of a supreme ordinary court.. Ordinary court or judicial court is a type of court with comprehensive subject-matter jurisdiction compared to 'specialized court' with limited jurisdiction over specific field of matters, such as intellectual property court.
After the French Revolution, the Conseil d'Etat was abolished and replaced with a new court system that was based on separation of powers. In the 19th century, the court system was further reorganized and the Conseil d'Etat was re-established as the main administrative court. In the 20th century, several reforms were implemented to improve the ...