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These then enlarge to form cankers, which can then enlarge slightly more each year. The bark usually dies and can, after time, be pulled away from the tree. In older cankers the pycnidia appear on the bark. [1] Black dead arm disease of grapevine. Botryosphaeria obtusa is the pathogen of black dead arm disease of grapevine.
Viral diseases; Apple chlorotic leafspot genus Trichovirus, Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV) Apple dwarf (Malus platycarpa)
Planting of less susceptible apple cultivars, horticultural practices that promote tree health and reduce fruit wetness hours, removal of overwintering diseased twigs and fruit, and fungicides Bitter rot of apple is a fungal disease of apple fruit that is caused by several species in the Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum ...
Fruit rot caused by the brown rot pathogen Monilinia fructigena is a notorious ailment found in Malus domestica—the apple tree—with the fungus occasionally spreading from the infected fruit to the branches, causing cankering. With apple infections, a varying symptom can occur within the fruits, causing what is commonly known as “black ...
Botryosphaeria stevensii (Apple sphaeropsis) is a fungal plant pathogen that causes cankers on several tree species including apple and juniper as well as causing cankers on grape vines. [3] It causes branch dieback, possibly affecting a large portion of the tree canopy, and if severe it can kill entire plants. [4]
Gymnosporangium is a genus of heteroecious plant-pathogenic fungi which alternately infect members of the family Cupressaceae, primarily species in the genus Juniperus (), and members of the family Rosaceae in the subfamily Amygdaloideae (apples, pears, quinces, shadbush, hawthorns, rowans and their relatives).
The disease is favoured by temperatures between 77 and 86 °F (25–30 °C), and by wet conditions. [1] Infection occurs at optimum temperatures with 5.5 hours of wetting, [2] and an outbreak can become serious within two days of infection. The fungus attacks susceptible cultivars using a chemical toxin. [1]
Aureobasidium pullulans is a ubiquitous and generalistic black, yeast-like fungus that can be found in different environments (e.g. soil, water, air and limestone). It is well known as a naturally occurring epiphyte or endophyte of a wide range of plant species (e.g. apple, grape, cucumber, green beans, cabbage) without causing any symptoms of disease. [1]