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The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty that commits nations to respect the civil and political rights of individuals, including the right to life, freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, electoral rights and rights to due process and a fair trial. [3]
Signatories to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR: parties in dark green, signatories in light green, non-members in grey. The Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty, is a subsidiary agreement to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
It calls on States that maintain the death penalty to establish a moratorium on the use of the death penalty with a view to abolition, and in the meantime, to restrict the number of offences which it punishes and to respect the rights of those on death row. It also calls on States that have abolished the death penalty not to reintroduce it.
Since World War II, there has been a trend toward abolishing the death penalty. 54 countries retain the death penalty in active use, 112 countries have abolished capital punishment altogether, 7 have done so for all offences except under special circumstances, and 22 more have abolished it in practice because they have not used it for at least ...
Article 39 of the Constitution narrowed the definition of treason, and the Treason Act 1939 retained the death penalty for the redefined offence. [ 49 ] The military court operating during the Emergency of the Second World War was required to impose a sentence of "death by shooting", from which there was no appeal, although commutation was ...
On 6 July 2012, Benin acceded to the Second Additional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which makes Benin abolitionist. [49] The decision was upheld by the Constitutional Court in January 2016 although the death penalty is still present in statutes. [10] Botswana: 2021 [50] 1 n/a
The following are the five states with the most executions since the early 1980s, according to the Death Penalty Information Center: Texas, 591. Oklahoma, 126. Virginia, 113. Florida, 106.
The Second Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty: 1991 has also not yet been ratified. [17] The Human Rights Council under the Universal Periodic Review reviewed Bangladesh in 2009. A strong recommendation was made for the abolition of the death penalty. [18]