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The term, present participle, was first used circa 1864 [7] to facilitate grammatical distinctions. Despite the taxonomical use of "past" and "present" as associated with the aforementioned participles, their respective semantic use can entail any tense, regardless of aspect, depending on how they are structurally combined.
For present participle constructions with perfect aspect (e.g. having written), see § Perfect and progressive nonfinite constructions below. Present participles may come to be used as pure adjectives (see Types of participle). Examples of participles that do this frequently are interesting, exciting, and enduring.
It may be used as a simple adjective: as a passive participle in the case of transitive verbs (the written word, i.e. "the word that is written"), and as a perfect active participle in the case of some intransitive ones (a fallen tree, i.e. "a tree that has fallen"). The present participle has the following uses:
In Russian, it translates the term деепричастие (dejepričastije) an adverbial participle formed with the suffixes - я (-ja) Present; - в (-v) or - вши (-vši) Past. [14] [15] [16] In Serbo-Croatian, it was used to refer to what are now classified as participles / verbal adverbs: present (-ći) and past (-vši, sometimes -v ...
This is followed by the simple past tense , and then the past participle. If there are irregular present tense forms (see below), these are given in parentheses after the infinitive. (The present participle and gerund forms of verbs, ending in -ing, are always regular. In English, these are used as verbs, adjectives, and nouns.)
The term is occasionally used in descriptions of English grammar, to denote the present participle used adjectivally or adverbially e.g. 'take a running jump'. That form, ending in -ing , is identical to that of the English gerund , but it is generally called a gerund when it is used as a noun, not as an adjective or adverb e.g. 'running burns ...
Some catenative verbs are followed by a to-infinitive: "He agreed to work on Saturday"; Some catenative verbs are followed by a gerund: "He admitted taking the money".; Some catenative verbs are followed by either a to-infinitive or a gerund, either with or without a difference in meaning between the two structures:
Participles (e.g., going, seen) - These can function as adjectives or part of verb tenses (like has gone) Nonfinite verbs are used in constructions where there's no need to express tense directly. They help in creating sentences like "I want to go," where "to go" is nonfinite.