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In mathematics and computational science, the Euler method (also called the forward Euler method) is a first-order numerical procedure for solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with a given initial value.
This is the Euler method (or forward Euler method, in contrast with the backward Euler method, to be described below). The method is named after Leonhard Euler who described it in 1768. The Euler method is an example of an explicit method. This means that the new value y n+1 is defined in terms of things that are already known, like y n.
Explicit and implicit methods are approaches used in numerical analysis for obtaining numerical approximations to the solutions of time-dependent ordinary and partial differential equations, as is required in computer simulations of physical processes.
This differs from the (forward) Euler method in that the forward method uses (,) in place of (+, +). The backward Euler method is an implicit method: the new approximation y k + 1 {\displaystyle y_{k+1}} appears on both sides of the equation, and thus the method needs to solve an algebraic equation for the unknown y k + 1 {\displaystyle y_{k+1}} .
In Itô calculus, the Euler–Maruyama method (also simply called the Euler method) is a method for the approximate numerical solution of a stochastic differential equation (SDE). It is an extension of the Euler method for ordinary differential equations to stochastic differential equations named after Leonhard Euler and Gisiro Maruyama. The ...
In numerical analysis and scientific computing, the trapezoidal rule is a numerical method to solve ordinary differential equations derived from the trapezoidal rule for computing integrals. The trapezoidal rule is an implicit second-order method, which can be considered as both a Runge–Kutta method and a linear multistep method.
The field of numerical analysis predates the invention of modern computers by many centuries. Linear interpolation was already in use more than 2000 years ago. Many great mathematicians of the past were preoccupied by numerical analysis, [5] as is obvious from the names of important algorithms like Newton's method, Lagrange interpolation polynomial, Gaussian elimination, or Euler's method.
A simple predictor–corrector method (known as Heun's method) can be constructed from the Euler method (an explicit method) and the trapezoidal rule (an implicit method). Consider the differential equation ′ = (,), =, and denote the step size by .