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Saint Peter [note 1] (born Shimon Bar Yonah; died AD 64–68), [1] also known as Peter the Apostle, Simon Peter, Simeon, Simon, or Cephas, [6] was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ and one of the first leaders of the early Christian Church.
Old St. Peter's Basilica was the church buildings that stood, from the 4th to 16th centuries, where St. Peter's Basilica stands today in Vatican City. Construction of the basilica , built over the historical site of the Circus of Nero , began during the reign of Roman Emperor Constantine I .
Old St. Peter's Basilica was the fourth-century church begun by the Emperor Constantine the Great between 319 and 333 AD. [28] It was of typical basilical form, a wide nave and two aisles on each side and an apsidal end, with the addition of a transept or bema, giving the building the shape of a tau cross.
Christian usage of the name was spurred by the martyrdom of St. Peter there. [1] Beginning in the early 4th century AD, construction began on the Old St. Peter's Basilica [10] over a cemetery that is the traditional site of St. Peter's tomb.
The Chair of St. Peter in 2024 at St. Peter's Basilica, exposed for the first time since 1867. Early martyrologies indicate that two liturgical feasts were celebrated in Rome, centuries before the time of Charles the Bald, in honour of earlier chairs associated with Saint Peter, one of which was kept in the baptismal chapel of Old St. Peter's Basilica, the other at the catacomb of Priscilla. [8]
Originally built in Old Saint Peter's; last papal mausoleum erected in Old St. Peter's; moved to Sant'Andrea della Valle during the reign of Paul V. [63] 1523–1534 Clement VII: Originally buried in a brick tomb in Old Saint Peter's; current tomb is across from that of Leo X, another Medici pope in Santa Maria sopra Minerva [64] 1534–1549 ...
The Navicella (literally "little ship") or Bark of St. Peter, [2] of Old Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome, was a large and famous mosaic by Giotto di Bondone that occupied a large part of the wall above the entrance arcade, facing the main facade of the basilica across the courtyard.
This obelisk is located in St. Peter's Square, in Vatican City. It is the only ancient obelisk in Rome that has never fallen. [1] [2] Made of red granite, it has a height of 25.3 meters and, together with the cross and the base (composed of four bronze lions, by Prospero Antichi), it reaches almost 40 meters.