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The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HCl and as such is a hydrogen halide. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric water vapor. Hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid are important in technology and industry.
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end. Polar molecules must contain one or more polar bonds due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.
Acid strength is the tendency of an acid, symbolised by the chemical formula, to dissociate into a proton, +, and an anion, .The dissociation or ionization of a strong acid in solution is effectively complete, except in its most concentrated solutions.
DMSO is widely used as an alternative to water because it has a lower dielectric constant than water, and is less polar and so dissolves non-polar, hydrophobic substances more easily. It has a measurable pK a range of about 1 to 30. Acetonitrile is less basic than DMSO, and, so, in general, acids are weaker and bases are stronger in this solvent.
Hydrogen chloride can be generated in many ways, and thus several precursors to hydrochloric acid exist. The large-scale production of hydrochloric acid is almost always integrated with the industrial scale production of other chemicals , such as in the chloralkali process which produces hydroxide , hydrogen, and chlorine, the latter of which ...
The nearer two molecules are in this three-dimensional space, the more likely they are to dissolve into each other. To determine if the parameters of two molecules (usually a solvent and a polymer) are within range, a value called interaction radius is given to the substance being dissolved. This value determines the radius of the sphere in ...
In chemistry, protonation (or hydronation) is the adding of a proton (or hydron, or hydrogen cation), usually denoted by H +, to an atom, molecule, or ion, forming a conjugate acid. [1] (The complementary process, when a proton is removed from a Brønsted–Lowry acid, is deprotonation.) Some examples include The protonation of water by ...
Trichlorosilane is produced by treating powdered metallurgical grade silicon with blowing hydrogen chloride at 300 °C. Hydrogen is also produced, as described in the chemical equation: Si + 3 HCl → HCl 3 Si + H 2. Yields of 80-90% can be achieved. The main byproducts are silicon tetrachloride (chemical formula SiCl 4), hexachlorodisilane (Si ...