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Hydrogen chloride is produced by combining chlorine and hydrogen: Cl 2 + H 2 → 2 HCl. As the reaction is exothermic, the installation is called an HCl oven or HCl burner. The resulting hydrogen chloride gas is absorbed in deionized water, resulting in chemically pure hydrochloric acid. This reaction can give a very pure product, e.g. for use ...
When comparing a polar and nonpolar molecule with similar molar masses, the polar molecule in general has a higher boiling point, because the dipole–dipole interaction between polar molecules results in stronger intermolecular attractions. One common form of polar interaction is the hydrogen bond, which is also
The nearer two molecules are in this three-dimensional space, the more likely they are to dissolve into each other. To determine if the parameters of two molecules (usually a solvent and a polymer) are within range, a value called interaction radius is given to the substance being dissolved. This value determines the radius of the sphere in ...
Hydrogen chloride can be generated in many ways, and thus several precursors to hydrochloric acid exist. The large-scale production of hydrochloric acid is almost always integrated with the industrial scale production of other chemicals, such as in the chloralkali process which produces hydroxide, hydrogen, and chlorine, the latter of which can ...
An example of a dipole–dipole interaction can be seen in hydrogen chloride (HCl): the positive end of a polar molecule will attract the negative end of the other molecule and influence its position. Polar molecules have a net attraction between them. Examples of polar molecules include hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chloroform (CHCl 3).
The acentric factor ω is a conceptual number introduced by Kenneth Pitzer in 1955, proven to be useful in the description of fluids. [1] It has become a standard for the phase characterization of single and pure components, along with other state description parameters such as molecular weight, critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical volume (or critical compressibility).
Another method is the heating of hypochlorous acid, producing chloric acid and hydrogen chloride: [citation needed] 3 HClO → HClO 3 + 2 HCl Any way it is produced, the acid may be concentrated up to 40% in a vacuum dessicator over H 2 SO 4 .
Alkenes react with hydrogen chloride (HCl) to give alkyl chlorides. For example, the industrial production of chloroethane proceeds by the reaction of ethylene with HCl: H 2 C=CH 2 + HCl → CH 3 CH 2 Cl. In oxychlorination, hydrogen chloride instead of the more expensive chlorine is used for the same purpose: CH 2 =CH 2 + 2 HCl + 1 ⁄ 2 O 2 ...