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The approach works on two levels: a four-stage learning cycle and four distinct learning styles. Kolb's experiential learning theory has a holistic perspective which includes experience, perception, cognition and behaviour. It is a method where a person's skills and job requirements can be assessed in the same language that its commensurability ...
In the early 1970s, Kolb and Ron Fry (now both at the Weatherhead School of Management) developed the Experiential Learning Model (ELM), [2] composed of four elements: concrete experience, observation of and reflection on that experience, formation of abstract concepts based upon the reflection, testing the new concepts, (repeat).
Jacobson and Ruddy, building on Kolb's four-stage Experiential Learning Model [15] and Pfeiffer and Jones's five stage Experiential Learning Cycle, [24] took these theoretical frameworks and created a simple, practical questioning model for facilitators to use in promoting critical reflection in experiential learning.
Kolb integrated this learning cycle with a theory of learning styles, wherein each style prefers two of the four parts of the cycle. The cycle is quadrisected by a horizontal and vertical axis. The vertical axis represents how knowledge can be grasped, through concrete experience or through abstract conceptualization , or by a combination of both.
Reflective learning is a development of the concept of experiential learning as propounded by John Dewey, who wrote Experience and Education in 1938. Later theorists include David Kolb, David Boud ("reflection in learning"), [3] and Donald Schön.
David A. Kolb's model is based on his experiential learning model, as explained in his book Experiential Learning. [7] Kolb's model outlines two related approaches toward grasping experience: Concrete Experience and Abstract Conceptualization , as well as two related approaches toward transforming experience: Reflective Observation and Active ...
Kolb breaks down this learning cycle into four stages: concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. Children observe new situations, think about the situation, make meaning of the situation, then test that meaning in the world around them. [48]
The Association for Experiential Education regards experiential education as "a philosophy that informs many methodologies in which educators purposefully engage with learners in direct experience and focused reflection in order to increase knowledge, develop skills, clarify values, and develop people's capacity to contribute to their ...