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Structural Metal works N: Miscellaneous Metal works O: Timber: P: Piles Q: Piling ancillaries R: Roads and pavings: S: Rail Track T: Tunnels: U: Brickwork, block work and masonry: V: Painting W: Waterproofing: X: Miscellaneous works Y: Sewer and water main renovation and ancillary works Z: Simple building works incidental to civil engineering works
The review highlighted the weaknesses of traditional methods of construction, especially their lack of productivity, and called for the widespread adoption of off-site construction. As a result, in 2020, the UK Department for Education announced a 3 £billion investment to build one hundred and twenty off-site schools in four years.
The EPC contractor coordinates all design, procurement and construction work and ensures that the whole project is completed as required and in time. They may or may not undertake actual site work. EPC companies are often used in large-scale projects, such as power plants, refineries, chemical processing facilities, infrastructure projects, and ...
In traditional construction contracts (known as design–bid–build contracts) the principal contractor is only engaged when a detailed design is complete. An invitation to tender is published and a number of contractors will price the construction of the design, from which a single winner will be chosen to complete the works. Contractors are ...
Also Abrams' water-cement ratio law. A law which states that the strength of a concrete mix is inversely related to the mass ratio of water to cement. As the water content increases, the strength of the concrete decreases. abrasion The process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away a substance or substrate. It can be intentionally imposed in a controlled process using ...
Modern methods of construction (MMC) is a term used mainly in the UK construction industry to refer to "smart construction" processes designed to improve upon traditional design and construction approaches by focusing on (among other things) component and process standardisation, design for manufacture and assembly (), prefabrication, preassembly, off-site manufacture (including modular ...
The term ancillary services is used to refer to a variety of operations beyond generation and transmission that are required to maintain grid stability and security. These services generally include active power control or frequency control and reactive power control or voltage control, on various timescales.
A suction caisson can effectively be described as an inverted bucket that is embedded in the marine sediment.Attachment to the sea bed is achieved either through pushing or by creating a negative pressure inside the caisson skirt by pumping water out of the caisson; both of these techniques have the effect of securing the caisson into the sea bed.