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Secondary metabolites and pigments may have therapeutic actions in humans, and can be refined to produce drugs; examples are quinine from the cinchona, morphine and codeine from the poppy, and digoxin from the foxglove. [1] In Europe, apothecaries stocked herbal ingredients as traditional medicines.
The following is a list of traditional Chinese medicines. There are roughly 13,000 medicinals used in China and over 100,000 medicinal prescriptions recorded in the ancient literature. [ 1 ] Plant elements and extracts are the most common elements used in medicines. [ 2 ]
This is a partial list of herbs and herbal treatments with known or suspected adverse effects, either alone or in interaction with other herbs or drugs.Non-inclusion of an herb in this list does not imply that it is free of adverse effects.
African. Muti; Southern Africa; Ayurveda. Dosha; MVAH; Balneotherapy; Brazilian; Bush medicine; Cambodian; Chinese. Blood stasis; Chinese herbology; Dit da; Gua sha ...
Some herbs may amplify the effects of anticoagulants. [51] Certain herbs as well as common fruit interfere with cytochrome P450, an enzyme critical to much drug metabolism. [52] In a 2018 study, the FDA identified active pharmaceutical additives in over 700 analyzed dietary supplements sold as "herbal", "natural" or "traditional". [53]
The pharmaceutical industry has remained interested in mining traditional uses of medicinal plants in its drug discovery efforts. [45] Of the 1073 small-molecule drugs approved in the period 1981 to 2010, over half were either directly derived from or inspired by natural substances.