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The sequence /la ˈtʃena/ la cena, 'the dinner', in Standard Italian is pronounced [la ˈtʃeːna], but in Tuscan, it is [la ˈʃeːna]. As a result of the weakening rule, there are a few minimal pairs distinguished only by length of the voiceless fricative (e.g. [laʃeˈrɔ] lacerò 'it/he/she ripped' vs. [laʃʃeˈrɔ] lascerò 'I will leave ...
A received pedagogical variant derived from it historically, once called la pronuncia fiorentina emendata (literally, 'the amended Florentine pronunciation'), was officially prescribed as the national language of the Kingdom of Italy, when it was established in 1861. It is the most widely spoken of the Tuscan dialects. [1]
The emergence of identifiable Italian dialects from Vulgar Latin, and as such the possibility of a specifically "Italian" ethnic identity, has no clear-cut date, but began in roughly the 12th century. Modern standard Italian derives from the written vernacular of Tuscan writers of the 12th century.
Apart from standard Italian, the Tuscan dialect (dialetto toscano) is spoken in Tuscany. The Italian language is based historically on literary Tuscan, specifically the Florentine dialect . It became the language of culture for all the people of Italy, thanks to the prestige of the masterpieces of Dante Alighieri , Petrarch , Giovanni Boccaccio ...
In Tuscany (although not in standard Italian, which is derived from, but not equivalent to, Tuscan dialect), voiceless stops are typically pronounced as fricatives between vowels. [45] That is, /p t k/ → [ɸ θ h/x]: e.g. i capitani 'the captains' [iˌhaɸiˈθaːni], a phenomenon known as the gorgia toscana 'Tuscan throat'.
Regional Italian (Italian: italiano regionale, pronounced [itaˈljaːno redʒoˈnaːle]) is any regional [note 1] variety of the Italian language.. Such vernacular varieties and standard Italian exist along a sociolect continuum, and are not to be confused with the local non-immigrant languages of Italy [note 2] that predate the national tongue or any regional variety thereof.
Standard Italian phonemes, in bold, are followed by their most common phonetic values and their respective occurrence among dialects. Unless otherwise noted, unmentioned dialectal realizations are the same as for Standard Italian (e.g. Tuscan andando is [anˈdando], not [anˈnanno], and is therefore not listed below). Examples in the chart are ...
Tuscan-Corsican: group of dialects spoken in the Italian region of Tuscany, and the French island of Corsica. Northern Tuscan dialects: Florentine is spoken in the city of Florence, and was the basis for Standard Italian. Other dialects: Pistoiese; Pesciatino or Valdinievolese; Lucchese; Versiliese; Viareggino; Pisano-Livornese.