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A basic block is the simplest building block studied in the original ResNet. [1] This block consists of two sequential 3x3 convolutional layers and a residual connection. The input and output dimensions of both layers are equal. Block diagram of ResNet (2015). It shows a ResNet block with and without the 1x1 convolution.
Inception v2 was released in 2015, in a paper that is more famous for proposing batch normalization. [7] [8] It had 13.6 million parameters.It improves on Inception v1 by adding batch normalization, and removing dropout and local response normalization which they found became unnecessary when batch normalization is used.
Residual connections, or skip connections, refers to the architectural motif of +, where is an arbitrary neural network module. This gives the gradient of ∇ f + I {\displaystyle \nabla f+I} , where the identity matrix do not suffer from the vanishing or exploding gradient.
A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a regularized type of feed-forward neural network that learns features by itself via filter (or kernel) optimization. This type of deep learning network has been applied to process and make predictions from many different types of data including text, images and audio. [1]
U-Net is a convolutional neural network that was developed for image segmentation. [1] The network is based on a fully convolutional neural network [2] whose architecture was modified and extended to work with fewer training images and to yield more precise segmentation.
[3] [4] In 2024, a 113 billion-parameter ViT model was proposed (the largest ViT to date) for weather and climate prediction, and trained on the Frontier supercomputer with a throughput of 1.6 exaFLOPs. [5] Subsequent to its publication, many variants were proposed, with hybrid architectures with both features of ViTs and CNNs.
In a neural network, batch normalization is achieved through a normalization step that fixes the means and variances of each layer's inputs. Ideally, the normalization would be conducted over the entire training set, but to use this step jointly with stochastic optimization methods, it is impractical to use the global information.
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