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The Christianization of Scandinavia, as well as other Nordic countries and the Baltic countries, took place between the 8th and the 12th centuries. The realms of Denmark , Norway and Sweden established their own archdioceses , responsible directly to the pope , in 1104, 1154 and 1164, respectively.
Scandinavia was formally Christianized by 1100 AD. The period 1050 to 1350—when the Black Death struck Europe —is considered the Older Middle Ages . The Kalmar Union between the Scandinavian countries was established in 1397 and lasted until King Gustav Vasa ended it upon seizing power during the Swedish War of Liberation , which concluded ...
A good example for this are several Thor's Hammers with engraved crosses, worn as amulets, that archaeologists have found in Scandinavia. [27] Another exemplary event happened during Ansgar 's second stay in Birka , when a pagan priest demanded from the locals that they not participate in the cult of the foreign Christian God.
The archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen were responsible for the missions in Scandinavia. [32] Olaf Haraldsson's half-brother, Harald Hardrada, [33] who was king of Norway from 1046 to 1066, preferred bishops ordained in England or France, but Pope Leo IX confirmed the jurisdiction of the German archbishops in Norway in 1053. [34]
Götaland seems to have been Christianized before Svealand. The first significant sign that Christianity had been established on a larger scale was the baptism of King Olof Skötkonungs circa 1008. Saint Bridget .
The official starting point for the Northern Crusades was Pope Celestine III's call in 1195, [6] but the Catholic kingdoms of Scandinavia, Poland and the Holy Roman Empire had begun moving to subjugate their pagan neighbors even earlier (see Christianization of Pomerania). [7]
Christianity in Scandinavia came later than most parts of Europe. In Denmark Harald Bluetooth Christianized the country around 965. [23] The process of Christianization began in Norway during the reigns of Olaf Tryggvason (r. 995 AD – c. 1000 AD) and Olaf II Haraldsson (reigned 1015 AD–1030 AD). Olaf and Olaf II had been baptized ...
Denmark in the 10th century. The official conversion occurred during the reign of King Harald Bluetooth, who mounted the throne around 958. [17] According to the contemporaneous Widukind of Corvey, a priest named Poppo convinced him to accept that "there is only one true God" and the pagan deities were "in truth demons" by carrying a large piece of glowing hot iron in his hand without damaging ...