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Scrapper manhole openings are with sizes between 90 and 120 centimetres (3.0 and 3.9 ft). [28] An alternative to having people to go down scraper manholes to remove sewer blockage is to use jet rodders and vacuum trucks. Those can be operated from the ground level though normal size manholes [1]
The theft of manhole covers often increases when scrap metal prices are high. [18] [19] Manhole cover theft can be a serious problem in China, where missing manhole covers caused at least eight deaths in 2004. [20] According to China's Xinhua News Agency, about "240,000 manhole and street-drain covers were stolen in Beijing in 2004." [21]
A manhole (utility hole, maintenance hole, [1] or sewer hole) is an opening to a confined space such as a shaft, utility vault, or large vessel.
A manhole cover for a sanitary sewer access point. View looking down into an open manhole showing two converging sanitary sewer lines. The larger line enters from the right and changes direction within the manhole to exit from the top of the photo. A smaller line enters from the bottom of the photo under the access steps.
Packaged metering manholes can run from $5,195 to $29,100 (2016 USD), with the industry standard 4 foot diameter, 7 foot deep, domed top packaged metering manhole deep integrating a 3-inch Parshall flume having a cost of $10,565 (2016 USD).
The ISO-standard ISO 15398 regulates the minimum requirements, proofs of suitability and auditing standards for manhole covers made of thermoplastics. The complete title of the norm is Specification for thermoplastics covers and frames for manholes and inspection chambers used in non-traffic areas. Issue date: 1. December 2012. The norm is in ...
Schematic cross section of a pressurized caisson. In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson 'box', from Italian cassone 'large box', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure [1] used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ships.
Below is a list of NEMA enclosure types; these types are further defined in NEMA 250- Enclosures for Electrical Equipment. Each type specifies characteristics of an enclosure, but not, for example, a specific enclosure size. Note that higher numbers do not include the lower-numbered tests. For example, types 3, 4 and 6 are intended for outdoor ...