Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
On the other hand, the uniformly distributed numbers are often used as the basis for non-uniform random variate generation. If u {\displaystyle u} is a value sampled from the standard uniform distribution, then the value a + ( b − a ) u {\displaystyle a+(b-a)u} follows the uniform distribution parameterized by a {\displaystyle a} and b ...
The underlying theory may be summarized as follows: If u is uniformly distributed in the interval 0 ≤ u < 1, then the point (cos(2πu), sin(2πu)) is uniformly distributed on the unit circumference x 2 + y 2 = 1, and multiplying that point by an independent random variable ρ whose distribution is
The ziggurat algorithm is an algorithm for pseudo-random number sampling.Belonging to the class of rejection sampling algorithms, it relies on an underlying source of uniformly-distributed random numbers, typically from a pseudo-random number generator, as well as precomputed tables.
In probability theory and statistics, the discrete uniform distribution is a symmetric probability distribution wherein each of some finite whole number n of outcome values are equally likely to be observed. Thus every one of the n outcome values has equal probability 1/n. Intuitively, a discrete uniform distribution is "a known, finite number ...
The uniform distribution or rectangular distribution on [a,b], where all points in a finite interval are equally likely, is a special case of the four-parameter Beta distribution. The Irwin–Hall distribution is the distribution of the sum of n independent random variables, each of which having the uniform distribution on [0,1].
Intuitively, an extractor takes a weakly random n-bit input and a short, uniformly random seed and produces an m-bit output that looks uniformly random. The aim is to have a low d {\displaystyle d} (i.e. to use as little uniform randomness as possible) and as high an m {\displaystyle m} as possible (i.e. to get out as many close-to-random bits ...
Random numbers y i are generated from a uniform distribution between 0 and 1, i.e. Y ~ U(0, 1). They are sketched as colored points on the y-axis. Each of the points is mapped according to x=F −1 (y), which is shown with gray arrows for two example points. In this example, we have used an exponential distribution.
However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4. Block ciphers in counter mode.