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Dichloromethane (DCM, methylene chloride, or methylene bichloride) is an organochlorine compound with the formula C H 2 Cl 2. This colorless, volatile liquid with a chloroform -like, sweet odor is widely used as a solvent .
There is evidence that this may be due to damage to the visual system rather than caused by cognitive deficits. In one study, 5-flouracil caused ocular toxicity in 25–38% of patients treated with the drug. [29] Methotrexate also caused ocular toxicity in 25% of patients within 2–7 days of initial chemotherapy regimen with the drug. [30]
Health effects of pesticides may be acute or delayed in those who are exposed. [1] Acute effects can include pesticide poisoning, which may be a medical emergency. [2] Strong evidence exists for other, long-term negative health outcomes from pesticide exposure including birth defects, fetal death, [3] neurodevelopmental disorder, [4] cancer, and neurologic illness including Parkinson's disease ...
When ingested, chloroform causes symptoms similar to those seen after inhalation. Serious illness has followed ingestion of 7.5 g (0.26 oz). The mean lethal oral dose in an adult is estimated at 45 g (1.6 oz). [37] The anesthetic use of chloroform has been discontinued, because it caused deaths from respiratory failure and cardiac arrhythmias.
Acute toxicity symptoms have been reported and the study of long-term medical and psychological effects is ongoing. [1] As the largest marine oil spill in history, the potential for physical, psychological, and socioeconomic difficulties and long term effects remain unknown.
The incidence of debilitating grades of diarrhea was reduced from 18% in the BSA-dosed group to 4% in the dose-adjusted group and serious hematologic side effects were eliminated. [23] Because of the reduced toxicity, dose-adjusted patients were able to be treated for longer periods of time. [23]
1,1-dichloroethane has been on the California Proposition 65 list of known carcinogens since 1990. [2] In the atmosphere, 1,1-dichloroethane decomposes with half-life of 62 days, chiefly by reaction of photolytically produced hydroxyl radicals.
This method, however, also produces more highly chlorinated compounds such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. For this reason, methane chlorination is usually only practiced when these other products are also desired. This chlorination method also cogenerates hydrogen chloride, which poses a disposal problem. [5]