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The zero-order hold (ZOH) is a mathematical model of the practical signal reconstruction done by a conventional digital-to-analog converter (DAC). [1] That is, it describes the effect of converting a discrete-time signal to a continuous-time signal by holding each sample value for one sample interval. It has several applications in electrical ...
Commonly used are: zero-order hold (for film/video frames), cubic (for image processing) and windowed sinc function (for audio). The two methods are mathematically identical: picking an interpolation function in the second scheme is equivalent to picking the impulse response of the filter in the first scheme.
Nearest-neighbor interpolation (also known as proximal interpolation or, in some contexts, point sampling) is a simple method of multivariate interpolation in one or more dimensions. Interpolation is the problem of approximating the value of a function for a non-given point in some space when given the value of that function in points around ...
where v and w are continuous zero-mean white noise sources with power spectral densities (,) (,) can be discretized, assuming zero-order hold for the input u and continuous integration for the noise v, to
The first part of the expression, i.e. the 'sin(x)/x' part, is the frequency response of the sample and hold. Its amplitude decreases with frequency and it falls to 63% of its peak value at half the sampling frequency and it is zero at multiples of that frequency (since f s =1/W).
A mathematical model such as FOH (or, more commonly, the zero-order hold) is necessary because, in the sampling and reconstruction theorem, a sequence of Dirac impulses, x s (t), representing the discrete samples, x(nT), is low-pass filtered to recover the original signal that was sampled, x(t). However, outputting a sequence of Dirac impulses ...
Interpolation: Smooth out the discontinuities using a lowpass filter, which replaces the zeros. In this application, the filter is called an interpolation filter, and its design is discussed below. When the interpolation filter is an FIR type, its efficiency can be improved, because the zeros contribute nothing to its dot product calculations ...
The Zero-order hold (ZOH) is a mathematical model of the practical reconstruction of sampled signals done by conventional digital-to-analog converters (DAC). When a signal, x(t), is sampled at intervals of length T, we are left with just the discrete sequence : x(nT), for integer values of n.