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From 1965 to 1988, most gains incurred a 30% rate of capital gains tax. In 1988, Conservative Chancellor Nigel Lawson aligned rates with those for income tax (where the top rate was 40% at the time) and this regime continued until 2008, when Gordon Brown changed the rate to 18% for all taxpayers. [1]
This table reflects the removal of the 10% starting rate from April 2008, which also saw the 22% income tax rate drop to 20%. From April 2010, the Labour government introduced a 50% income tax rate for those earning more than £150,000. Income threshold for high taxation rate on income was decreased to £32,011 in 2013. [43]
At the time of its introduction in 1999, the reduced tax rate of 10% applied to incomes between £4,335 and £5,835 [5] (equivalent to £9,489 to £12,772 in 2023) and was the only income tax paid by 1.8 million of the lowest earners. [3] By early 2008, the 10% tax rate had been raised to apply to income between £5,225 and £7,455. [6]
Contribution rates are set for each tax year by the government. The general rates for the tax year 2023/24 between 6 January and 5 April 2024 are shown below. [16] For those who qualify for the mariners rates, the employee rates are as shown below and the non-zero employer rates are 0.5% lower than those shown below.
Tax returns must be completed by 31 January following the end of the relevant tax year for those who complete the tax return online and by 31 October following the end of the tax year for those who file by a paper return. Once registered, tax payers can submit their tax return online directly via the HMRC website, or from online platforms.
Companies pay Corporation Tax at 19% (2018 figure [24]), whilst individuals pay tax at 20%, 40% or 45%. Please note as it is an allowance against taxable profit, you have to be a tax payer to benefit, therefore this does not normally apply to property owned in SIPPS or by charities and trusts.