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2. Organosolv - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosolv

   The concentration of solvent in water ranges from 40 to 80%. Higher boiling solvents have the advantage of a lower process pressure. This is weighed against the more difficult solvent recovery by distillation. [2] Ethanol has been suggested as the preferred solvent due to cost and easy recovery.

3. Aqueous two-phase system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_two-phase_system

   It is a common observation that when oil and water are poured into the same container, they separate into two phases or layers, because they are immiscible.In general, aqueous (or water-based) solutions, being polar, are immiscible with non-polar organic solvents (cooking oil, chloroform, toluene, hexane etc.) and form a two-phase system.

4. List of purification methods in chemistry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_purification...

   Distillation, widely used in petroleum refining and in purification of ethanol separates volatile liquids on the basis of their relative volatilities. There are several type of distillation: simple distillation, steam distillation etc. Water purification combines a number of methods to produce potable or drinking water.

5. Liquid–liquid extraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid–liquid_extraction

   The solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract. The feed solution that is depleted in solute(s) is called the raffinate. Liquid–liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories, where it is performed using a variety of apparatus, from separatory funnels to countercurrent distribution equipment called as mixer settlers.

6. Recrystallization (chemistry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recrystallization_(chemistry)

   However, a second solvent is allowed to evaporate from one container into a container holding the compound solution (gas diffusion). As the solvent composition changes due to an increase in the solvent that has gas diffused into the solution, the compound becomes increasingly insoluble in the solution and crystallizes.

7. Supercritical fluid extraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercritical_fluid_extraction

   In this case, the extraction rate can be increased by increasing the rate of dissolution, for example by increasing flow rate of the solvent. Figure 4. Extraction Profile for Different Types of Extraction. The extraction curve of % recovery against time can be used to elucidate the type of extraction occurring.