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Growing at host body temperature (37 °C (99 °F)) is an important requirement for pathogenesis. Some strains of S. schenckii are restricted to growing at 35 °C (95 °F) and consequently usually cause disease only on the skin as it is cooler than the body's interior. Those that are capable of growth at body temperature are more often ...
A chytrid-killed frog Chytridiomycosis in Atelopus varius—two sporangia containing numerous zoospores are visible.. Chytridiomycosis (/ k aɪ ˌ t r ɪ d i ə m aɪ ˈ k oʊ s ɪ s / ky-TRID-ee-ə-my-KOH-sis) is an infectious disease in amphibians, caused by the chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.
An example is Talaromyces marneffei, [3] a human pathogen that grows as a mold at room temperature, and as a yeast at human body temperature. The term dimorphic is commonly used for fungi that can grow both as yeast and filamentous cells, however many of these dimorphic fungi actually can grow in more than these two forms.
The ring shape of dermatophyte lesions result from outward growth of the fungi. [3] The fungi spread in a centrifugal pattern in the stratum corneum, which is the outermost keratinized layer of the skin. [3] For nail infections, the growth initiates through the lateral or superficial nail plates, then continues throughout the nail. [3]
B. dendrobatidis can grow within a wide temperature range (4-25 °C), with optimal temperatures being between 17 °C and 25 °C. [14] The wide temperature range for growth, including the ability to survive at 4 °C gives the fungus the ability to overwinter in its hosts, even where temperatures in the aquatic environments are low.
Fungi are everywhere, but only some cause disease. [13] Fungal infection occurs after spores are either breathed in, come into contact with skin or enter the body through the skin such as via a cut, wound or injection. [3] It is more likely to occur in people with a weak immune system. [14]
The fungus has been found in poultry-house litter, caves, areas harboring bats, and bird roosts (particularly those of starlings). The fungus is thermally dimorphic; in the environment, it grows as a brownish mycelium, and at body temperature (37 °C in humans), it morphs into a yeast.
[6] [7] The fungi can easily spread to other areas of the body as well and to the host's home environs (socks, shoes, clothes, showers, bathtubs, counters, floors, carpets, etc.). They can be transmitted by direct contact, by contact with infested particles (of dead skin, nails, hair) shed by the host, and by contact with the fungi's spores ...