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Anterograde and retrograde flow refer to movement of blood or other fluids in a normal (anterograde) or abnormal (retrograde) direction. [23] Circumduction is a conical movement of a body part, such as a ball and socket joint or the eye. Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.
Circumduction may refer to: Circumduction (anatomy), the circular movement of a limb; Circumduction (rhetoric), an ambiguous or roundabout figure of speech
The movements permitted in the metatarsophalangeal joints are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction. Left: toes adducted (pulled towards the center) and spread (a b ducted); right, both feet clenched (plantar flexed)
The movements which occur in these joints are flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction; the movements of abduction and adduction are very limited, and cannot be performed while the fingers form a fist. [2] The muscles of flexion and extension are as follows:
A condyloid joint is a modified ball and socket joint that allows primary movement within two perpendicular axes, passive or secondary movement may occur on a third axes. Some classifications make a distinction between condyloid and ellipsoid joints; [5] [6] these joints allow flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction movements (circumduction).
It is classified as a simple hinge-joint, which allows for movements of flexion, extension and circumduction. [2] [page needed] Owing to the obliquity of the trochlea of the humerus, this movement does not take place in the antero-posterior plane of the body of the humerus.
Arm circumduction [17] Movement of the shoulder in a circular motion so that if the elbow and fingers are fully extended the subject draws a circle in the air lateral to the body. In circumduction, the arm is not lifted above parallel to the ground so that "circle" that is drawn is flattened on top.
The movements of saddle joints are similar to those of the condyloid joint and include flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction. [1] However, axial rotation is not allowed. Saddle joints are said to be biaxial, [5] allowing movement in the sagittal and frontal planes. [2]