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The oxygen reduction reaction is an essential reaction for aerobic organisms. Such organisms are powered by the heat of combustion of fuel (food) by O 2.Rather than combustion, organisms rely on elaborate sequences of electron-transfer reactions, often coupled to proton transfer.
Electrocatalysis for CO 2 reduction is not practiced commercially but remains a topic of research. The reduction of CO 2 into useable products is a potential way to combat climate change . Electrocatalysts can promote the reduction of carbon dioxide into methanol and other useful fuel and stock chemicals.
In electrochemistry, overpotential is the potential difference between a half-reaction's thermodynamically determined reduction potential and the potential at which the redox event is experimentally observed. [1] The term is directly related to a cell's voltage efficiency.
Electrocatalysis is a catalytic process involving oxidation or reduction through the direct transfer of electrons. The electrochemical mechanisms of electrocatalytic processes are a common research subject for various fields of chemistry and associated sciences.
The redox potentials for these reactions are similar to that for hydrogen evolution in aqueous electrolytes, thus electrochemical reduction of CO 2 is usually competitive with hydrogen evolution reaction. [2] Electrochemical methods have gained significant attention: at ambient pressure and room temperature;
In industries, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a limiting factor in the process of generating molecular oxygen through chemical reactions such as water splitting and electrolysis, and improved OER electrocatalysis is the key to the advancement of a number of renewable energy technologies such as solar fuels, regenerative fuel cells and metal ...
For example, in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell, dioxygen reduction at the cathode is often enhanced by an electrocatalyst comprising platinum nanoparticles. When oxygen is reduced using an electrocatalyst, an unwanted and harmful by-product, hydrogen peroxide, may be produced. Hydrogen peroxide can damage the internal components of ...
Of the two half reactions, the oxidation step is the most demanding because it requires the coupling of 4 electron and proton transfers and the formation of an oxygen-oxygen bond. This process occurs naturally in plants photosystem II to provide protons and electrons for the photosynthesis process and release oxygen to the atmosphere, [ 1 ] as ...