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[nb 1] Earth's orbital speed averages 29.78 km/s (19 mi/s; 107,208 km/h; 66,616 mph), which is fast enough to cover the planet's diameter in 7 minutes and the distance to the Moon in 4 hours. [3] The point towards which the Earth in its solar orbit is directed at any given instant is known as the "apex of the Earth's way". [4] [5]
This plot shows a ship capable of 1-g (10 m/s 2 or about 1.0 ly/y 2) "felt" or proper acceleration [6] can travel vast distances, although is limited by the mass of any propellant it carries. A spaceship using significant constant acceleration will approach the speed of light over interstellar distances, so special relativity effects including ...
The next close approach to Earth will be in the year 2047 at a distance of 5 million kilometers, about 13 times the distance between Earth and the Moon. [69] Simulations over a 3-million-year timespan found a probability of the Roadster colliding with Earth at approximately 6%, or with Venus at approximately 2.5%.
For a low Earth orbit, this velocity is about 7.8 km/s (17,400 mph); [91] by contrast, the fastest piloted airplane speed ever achieved (excluding speeds achieved by deorbiting spacecraft) was 2.2 km/s (4,900 mph) in 1967 by the North American X-15.
To reach orbit, the rocket must impart to the payload a delta-v of about 9.3–10 km/s. This figure is mainly (~7.8 km/s) for horizontal acceleration needed to reach orbital speed, but allows for atmospheric drag (approximately 300 m/s with the ballistic coefficient of a 20 m long dense fueled vehicle), gravity losses (depending on burn time ...
It also has a string of accomplished missions taking astronauts to the International Space Station and returning its booster safely to the Earth via self-landing on a launchpad, a remarkable feat.
The probe entered the interstellar medium on November 5, 2018, at a distance of 119.7 AU (11.1 billion mi; 17.9 billion km) from the Sun [5] and moving at a velocity of 15.341 km/s (34,320 mph) [4] relative to the Sun. Voyager 2 has left the Sun's heliosphere and is traveling through the interstellar medium, though still inside the Solar System ...
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