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In SI units, permeability is measured in henries per meter (H/m), or equivalently in newtons per ampere squared (N/A 2). The permeability constant μ 0, also known as the magnetic constant or the permeability of free space, is the proportionality between magnetic induction and magnetizing force when forming a magnetic field in a classical vacuum.
Accordingly, physicists and engineers usually define magnetization as the quantity of magnetic moment per unit volume. [1] It is represented by a pseudovector M . Magnetization can be compared to electric polarization , which is the measure of the corresponding response of a material to an electric field in electrostatics .
The volume magnetic susceptibility, represented by the symbol χ v (often simply χ, sometimes χ m – magnetic, to distinguish from the electric susceptibility), is defined in the International System of Units – in other systems there may be additional constants – by the following relationship: [4] [5] = , were
In electromagnetism, permeance is the inverse of reluctance.In a magnetic circuit, permeance is a measure of the quantity of magnetic flux for a number of current-turns. A magnetic circuit almost acts as though the flux is conducted, therefore permeance is larger for large cross-sections of a material and smaller for smaller cross section lengths.
Magnetic field lines, represented as arrows, are excluded from a superconductor when it is below its critical temperature. In condensed-matter physics , the Meissner effect (or Meißner–Ochsenfeld effect ) is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state when it is cooled below the ...
An important use of H is in magnetic circuits where B = μH inside a linear material. Here, μ is the magnetic permeability of the material. This result is similar in form to Ohm's law J = σE, where J is the current density, σ is the conductance and E is the electric field.
Magnetostriction is a property of magnetic materials that causes them to change their shape or dimensions during the process of magnetization.The variation of materials' magnetization due to the applied magnetic field changes the magnetostrictive strain until reaching its saturation value, λ.
Strip of permalloy. Permalloy is a nickel–iron magnetic alloy, with about 80% nickel and 20% iron content.Invented in 1914 by physicist Gustav Elmen at Bell Telephone Laboratories, [1] it is notable for its very high magnetic permeability, which makes it useful as a magnetic core material in electrical and electronic equipment, and also in magnetic shielding to block magnetic fields.