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Erythema (Ancient Greek: ἐρύθημα, from Greek erythros 'red') is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries. [1] It occurs with any skin injury, infection, or inflammation. Examples of erythema not associated with pathology include nervous blushes. [2]
Some reactions, such as pain, may appear immediately. Others may be delayed, such as erythema which may appear 24–96 hours after injection. [2] ISRs commonly seen with subcutaneous injections include: Bleeding and bruising [3] Erythema (redness) Pain; Pruritis (itching) [4] Swelling [5] Induration (hardening of the skin) [6] Discoloration [6]
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a skin condition characterized by the darkening of the skin (hyperpigmentation) following an inflammatory injury, such as acne, dermatitis, infectious disease, or trauma. Less frequently, it may occur as a complication of a medical procedure performed on the skin. It is a common cause of skin ...
An inflammatory mediator is a messenger that acts on blood vessels and/or cells to promote an inflammatory response. [48] Inflammatory mediators that contribute to neoplasia include prostaglandins, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-15 and chemokines such as IL-8 and GRO-alpha.
Functional hyperaemia is an increase in blood flow to a tissue due to the presence of metabolites and a change in general conditions. When a tissue increases its activity, there is a well-characterized fall in the partial pressure of oxygen and pH, along with an increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and a rise in temperature and the concentration of potassium ions.
Findings of tenderness, induration, pain, or erythema (redness) along the course of a superficial vein usually establish a clinical diagnosis, especially in patients with known risk factors. In addition, there is often a palpable, sometimes nodular "cord", due to thrombus ( blood clot ) within the affected vein.
Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue, resulting in painful red/blue lumps or nodules that are usually seen symmetrically on both shins, on the thighs, arms, and elsewhere. [1] It can be caused by a variety of conditions but 20 to 50% of cases are idiopathic.
Erythroderma is an inflammatory skin disease with redness and scaling that affects nearly the entire cutaneous surface. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This term applies when 90% or more of the skin is affected. In ICD-10 , a distinction is made between "exfoliative dermatitis" at L26, and "erythroderma" at L53.9.