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Peribronchial cuffing, also referred to as peribronchial thickening or bronchial wall thickening, is a radiologic sign which occurs when excess fluid or mucus buildup in the small airway passages of the lung causes localized patches of atelectasis (lung collapse). [1] This causes the area around the bronchus to appear more prominent on an X-ray ...
Primary familial brain calcification [1] (PFBC), also known as familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) and Fahr's disease, [1] is a rare, [2] genetically dominant or recessive, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement.
Cranial venous outflow obstruction, also referred to as impaired cranial venous outflow, impaired cerebral venous outflow, cerebral venous impairment is a vascular disorder that involves the impairment of venous drainage from the cerebral veins of the human brain. [1] [2] The cause of cranial venous outflow obstruction is not fully understood.
Ground-glass opacity is in contrast to consolidation, in which the pulmonary vascular markings are obscured. [3] [5] GGO can be used to describe both focal and diffuse areas of increased density. [5] Subtypes of GGOs include diffuse, nodular, centrilobular, mosaic, crazy paving, halo sign, and reversed halo sign. [6]
Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma ("NSHL") or Nodular sclerosis is a form of Hodgkin's lymphoma [1] that is the most common subtype of HL in developed countries. It affects females slightly more than males and has a median age of onset at ~28 years.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma; Other names: Microglioma and Primary brain lymphoma [1]: Brain magnetic resonance imaging showing primary central nervous system B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the sella turcica and hypothalamus, continuing to the tectum (intensely white areas in the middle).
Other common symptoms are a pulsing noise in the head, progressive weakness, numbness and vision changes as well as debilitating, excruciating pain. [4] [5] In serious cases, blood vessels rupture and cause bleeding within the brain (intracranial hemorrhage). [a] In more than half of patients with AVM, this is the first symptom. [7]
The treatment is done to reduce pressure on the brain caused by any cerebrospinal fluid buildup and to reduce the number of cancer cells causing the pressure. For the best care, patients should see a physician who regularly treats leptomeningeal cancer and is most up-to-date on medicines that penetrate the blood-brain barrier, how to treat the ...