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The words debit and credit can sometimes be confusing because they depend on the point of view from which a transaction is observed. In accounting terms, assets are recorded on the left side (debit) of asset accounts, because they are typically shown on the left side of the accounting equation ( A=L+SE ).
Some accounts can switch between credit and debit balances. Some accounts are categorized by the function rather than nature of the balance they hold, such as savings account, which routinely are in credit. Financial institutions have an account numbering scheme to identify each account, which is important as a customer may have multiple accounts.
Modern payment systems use cash-substitutes as compared to traditional payment systems. This includes debit cards, credit cards, electronic funds transfers, direct credits, direct debits, internet banking and e-commerce payment systems. Payment systems may be physical or electronic and each has its own procedures and protocols.
The accounting equation is a statement of equality between the debits and the credits. The rules of debit and credit depend on the nature of an account. For the purpose of the accounting equation approach, all the accounts are classified into the following five types: assets, capital, liabilities, revenues/incomes, or expenses/losses.
[citation needed] On the bank's books, the bank debits its cash account for the $100 in cash, and credits a "deposits" liability account for an equal amount. (See double-entry bookkeeping system .) In the financial statements of the bank, the $100 in currency would be shown on the balance sheet as an asset of the bank and the deposit account ...
According to the United States Electronic Fund Transfer Act of 1978 it is "a funds transfer initiated through an electronic terminal, telephone, computer (including on-line banking) or magnetic tape for the purpose of ordering, instructing, or authorizing a financial institution to debit or credit a consumer's account".
The most common type, purchases, occur when a good, service, or other commodity is sold to a consumer in exchange for money. Most purchases are made with cash payments, including physical currency, debit cards, or cheques. [3] The other main form of payment is credit, which gives immediate access to funds in exchange for repayment at a later ...
Debit card (cashless direct payment at a store or merchant) Cash (deposit and withdrawal of coins and banknotes at a branch) Cheque and money order (paper instruction to pay) Direct debit (pre-authorized debit) Standing order (automatic regular funds transfers) Electronic funds transfers (transfer funds electronically to another account)