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Sodium cyanide is a compound with the formula Na C N and the structure Na + − C≡N. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
Common salts such as sodium cyanide are involatile but water-soluble, so are poisonous by ingestion. Hydrogen cyanide is a gas, making it more indiscriminately dangerous, however it is lighter than air and rapidly disperses up into the atmosphere, which makes it ineffective as a chemical weapon.
Na 2 S 2 O 5: sodium metabisulfite: 7681–57–4 Na 2 S 2 O 7: sodium pyrosulfate: 13870–29–6 Na 2 S 2 O 8: sodium persulfate: 7775–27–1 Na 2 Se: sodium selenide: 1313–85–5 Na 2 SeO 3: sodium selenite: 10102–18–8 Na 2 SeO 4: sodium selenate: 13410–01–0 Na 2 SiF 6: sodium fluorosilicate: 16893–85–9 Na 2 SiO 3: sodium ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
In the laboratory, this compound may be prepared by treating sodium cyanide with acetone, followed by acidification: [3]. Considering the high toxicity of acetone cyanohydrin, a lab scale production has been developed using a microreactor-scale flow chemistry [4] to avoid needing to manufacture and store large quantities of the reagent.
The compound is linear and polar, but it does not spontaneously ionize in water. It dissolves in both water and polar organic solvents. Cyanogen bromide can be prepared by oxidation of sodium cyanide with bromine, which proceeds in two steps via the intermediate cyanogen ((CN) 2): 2 NaCN + Br 2 → (CN) 2 + 2 NaBr (CN) 2 + Br 2 → 2 (CN)Br
Potassium hexacyanidoferrate(II) is produced industrially from hydrogen cyanide, iron(II) chloride, and calcium hydroxide, the combination of which affords Ca 2 [Fe(CN) 6]·11H 2 O. This solution is then treated with potassium salts to precipitate the mixed calcium-potassium salt CaK 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ], which in turn is treated with potassium ...
Sodium allophanate is observed as an intermediate: [2] H 2 NC(O)NHCO 2 Na → NaOCN + NH 3 + CO 2 It can also be prepared in the laboratory by oxidation of a cyanide in aqueous solution by a mild oxidizing agent such as lead oxide .