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The tissue was tested using DNA fingerprinting, and showed that she bore no relation to the Romanovs. [106] In 1994, Earl Washington, Jr., of Virginia had his death sentence commuted to life imprisonment a week before his scheduled execution date based on DNA evidence. He received a full pardon in 2000 based on more advanced testing.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP-PCR or AFLP) is a PCR-based tool used in genetics research, DNA fingerprinting, and in the practice of genetic engineering. Developed in the early 1990s by Pieter Vos, [1] AFLP uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA, followed by ligation of adaptors to the sticky ends of the restriction ...
Minisatellites have been associated with chromosome fragile sites and are proximal to a number of recurrent translocation breakpoints. Some human minisatellites (~1%) have been demonstrated to be hypermutable , with an average mutation rate in the germline higher than 0.5% up to over 20%, making them the most unstable region in the human genome ...
For example, the standard protocols for DNA fingerprinting involve PCR analysis of panels of more than a dozen VNTRs. RFLP is still used in marker-assisted selection. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP or sometimes T-RFLP) is a technique initially developed for characterizing bacterial communities in mixed-species samples.
Optical mapping [1] is a technique for constructing ordered, genome-wide, high-resolution restriction maps from single, stained molecules of DNA, called "optical maps". By mapping the location of restriction enzyme sites along the unknown DNA of an organism, the spectrum of resulting DNA fragments collectively serves as a unique "fingerprint" or "barcode" for that sequence.
STR analysis is a tool in forensic analysis that evaluates specific STR regions found on nuclear DNA. The variable (polymorphic) nature of the STR regions that are analyzed for forensic testing intensifies the discrimination between one DNA profile and another. [3] Scientific tools such as FBI approved STRmix incorporate this research technique.
These can be found on many chromosomes, and often show variations in length (number of repeats) among individuals. Each variant acts as an inherited allele, allowing them to be used for personal or parental identification. Their analysis is useful in genetics and biology research, forensics, and DNA fingerprinting.
The number of chromosomes in an organism's genome does not necessarily correlate with the amount of DNA in its genome. The genome-wide amount of recombination is directly controlled by the number of chromosomes, with one crossover per chromosome or per chromosome arm, depending on the species. [31] Changes in chromosome number can play a key ...