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Jenkins hash function: 32 or 64 bits XOR/addition Bernstein's hash djb2 [2] 32 or 64 bits shift/add or mult/add or shift/add/xor or mult/xor PJW hash / Elf Hash: 32 or 64 bits add,shift,xor MurmurHash: 32, 64, or 128 bits product/rotation Fast-Hash [3] 32 or 64 bits xorshift operations SpookyHash 32, 64, or 128 bits see Jenkins hash function ...
When the data word is divided into 8-bit blocks, as in the example above, two 8-bit sums result and are combined into a 16-bit Fletcher checksum. Usually, the second sum will be multiplied by 256 and added to the simple checksum, effectively stacking the sums side-by-side in a 16-bit word with the simple checksum at the least significant end.
SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
The content of such spam may often vary in its details, which would render normal checksumming ineffective. By contrast, a "fuzzy checksum" reduces the body text to its characteristic minimum, then generates a checksum in the usual manner. This greatly increases the chances of slightly different spam emails producing the same checksum.
Several utilities, such as md5deep, can use such checksum files to automatically verify an entire directory of files in one operation. The particular hash algorithm used is often indicated by the file extension of the checksum file. The ".sha1" file extension indicates a checksum file containing 160-bit SHA-1 hashes in sha1sum format.
HxD is a freeware hex editor, disk editor, and memory editor developed by Maël Hörz for Windows.It can open files larger than 4 GiB and open and edit the raw contents of disk drives, as well as display and edit the memory used by running processes.
To check whether the processor can run the 64-bit of Windows 10, use these steps: Open Settings. Click on System. Click on About. Check the Installed RAM details.
MurmurHash2 [8] yields a 32- or 64-bit value. It comes in multiple variants, including some that allow incremental hashing and aligned or neutral versions. MurmurHash2 (32-bit, x86)—The original version; contains a flaw that weakens collision in some cases. [9] MurmurHash2A (32-bit, x86)—A fixed variant using Merkle–Damgård construction ...