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  2. Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_Freedoms_and...

    The Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions, [2] sometimes referred to as the Charter of Privileges and Exemptions, [3] is a document written by the Dutch West India Company in an effort to settle its colony of New Netherland in North America through the establishment of feudal patroonships purchased and supplied by members of the West India Company.

  3. Spoils system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoils_system

    In politics and government, a spoils system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends , and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party.

  4. Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendleton_Civil_Service...

    The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act is a United States federal law passed by the 47th United States Congress and signed into law by President Chester A. Arthur on January 16, 1883. The act mandates that most positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political patronage.

  5. Civil service reform in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_service_reform_in...

    The Civil Service Reform Act (called "the Pendleton Act") is an 1883 federal law that created the United States Civil Service Commission. [13] It eventually placed most federal employees on the merit system and marked the end of the so-called " spoils system ". [ 13 ]

  6. Patroon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patroon

    Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions (Dutch West India Company) 1630. In the United States, a patroon (English: / p ə ˈ t r uː n /; from Dutch patroon [paːˈtroːn]) was a landholder with manorial rights to large tracts of land in the 17th-century Dutch colony of New Netherland on the east coast of North America. [1]

  7. Third Party System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Party_System

    As with the preceding Second Party System era, the Third was characterized by intense voter interest, routinely high voter turnout, unflinching party loyalty, dependence on nominating conventions, hierarchical party organizations, and the systematic use of government jobs as patronage for party workers, known as the spoils system.

  8. Half-Breeds (politics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-Breeds_(politics)

    The main issue that divided the Stalwarts and the Half-Breeds was political patronage. The Stalwarts were in favor of political machines and spoils system–style patronage, while the Half-Breeds, later led by Maine senator James G. Blaine, [6] were in favor of civil service reform and a merit system. The epithet "Half-Breed" was invented in ...

  9. Patronage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronage

    From the ancient world onward, patronage of the arts was important in art history.It is known in greatest detail in reference to medieval and Renaissance Europe, though patronage can also be traced in feudal Japan, the traditional Southeast Asian kingdoms, and elsewhere—art patronage tended to arise wherever a royal or imperial system and an aristocracy dominated a society and controlled a ...