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Hence, GWAS is a non-candidate-driven approach, in contrast to gene-specific candidate-driven studies. GWA studies identify SNPs and other variants in DNA associated with a disease, but they cannot on their own specify which genes are causal. [1] [2] [3] The first successful GWAS published in 2002 studied myocardial infarction. [4]
In the field of genetic sequencing, genotyping by sequencing, also called GBS, is a method to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in order to perform genotyping studies, such as genome-wide association studies . [1] GBS uses restriction enzymes to reduce genome complexity and genotype multiple DNA samples. [2]
An editorial in Pakistan's oldest newspaper Dawn, commenting on a report in The Guardian on Pakistani Textbooks, noted 'By propagating concepts such as jihad, the inferiority of non-Muslims, India's ingrained enmity with Pakistan, etc., the textbook board publications used by all government schools promote a mindset that is bigoted and ...
No immediate actions were taken at that time, though the discussion to establish the academy continues between the senior scientists and the Pakistan government. [4] After an extensive discussion took in 1948–53, the academy was established and materialized in a concession reached by the senior scientists and government, with the assistance ...
Hindi has drawn increasing focus as an academic subject. [8] There is a growing trend of Hindi experts and the availability of texts in Pakistan. [8] Many Hindi instructors migrated from India, or were educated at Indian universities. [5] The Department of Hindi at the National University of Modern Languages (NUML) in Islamabad was
[1] The ordeals of partition and the migration also adversely affected Abdul Haq's health. [citation needed] He re-organised the Anjuman Taraqqi-e-Urdu in Karachi, launching journals, establishing libraries and schools, publishing a large number of books and promoting education in the Urdu language and linguistic research in it. [5]
Hindustani, the lingua franca of Northern India and Pakistan, has two standardised registers: Hindi and Urdu. Grammatical differences between the two standards are minor but each uses its own script: Hindi uses Devanagari while Urdu uses an extended form of the Perso-Arabic script , typically in the Nastaʿlīq style.
The chairperson of the Senate Standing Committee on Education hailed the first six years of HEC under Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman as "Pakistan's golden period." [4] Dr. Abdus Salam, the first Pakistani winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, was the father of physics research in Pakistan. Under his watchful direction, mathematicians and physicists ...