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Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions, evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and assessing their rationality and potential consequences. [1]
There is empirical evidence that the skills developed in argument-mapping-based critical thinking courses substantially transfer to critical thinking done without argument maps. Alvarez's meta-analysis found that such critical thinking courses produced gains of around 0.70 SD, about twice as much as standard critical-thinking courses. [55]
The standards for evaluating non-deductive arguments may rest on different or additional criteria than truth—for example, the persuasiveness of so-called "indispensability claims" in transcendental arguments, [7] the quality of hypotheses in retroduction, or even the disclosure of new possibilities for thinking and acting. [8]
Some theorists understand logical reasoning in a wide sense that is roughly equivalent to critical thinking. In this regard, it encompasses cognitive skills besides the ability to draw conclusions from premises. Examples are skills to generate and evaluate reasons and to assess the reliability of information.
Skills in critical thinking. Subcategories. This category has the following 8 subcategories, out of 8 total. A. Analysis (20 C, 38 P) C. Criticism (4 C, 6 P) D.
Examples of sentences that are (or make) true statements: "Socrates is a man." "A triangle has three sides." "Madrid is the capital of Spain." Examples of sentences that are also statements, even though they aren't true: "All toasters are made of solid gold." "Two plus two equals five." Examples of sentences that are not (or do not make ...