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BATNA was developed by negotiation researchers Roger Fisher and William Ury of the Harvard Program on Negotiation (PON), in their series of books on principled negotiation that started with Getting to YES (1981), equivalent to the game theory concept of a disagreement point from bargaining problems pioneered by Nobel Laureate John Forbes Nash decades earlier.
Negotiating the impossible: how to break deadlocks and resolve ugly conflicts (without money or muscle). Oakland, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. ISBN 9781626566972. OCLC 922912950. Shapiro, Daniel (2016). Negotiating the nonnegotiable: how to resolve your most emotionally charged conflicts. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 9780670015566.
While distributive negotiation assumes there is a fixed amount of value (a "fixed pie") to be divided between the parties, integrative negotiation attempts to create value in the course of the negotiation ("expand the pie") by either "compensating" the loss of one item with gains from another ("trade-offs" or logrolling), or by constructing or ...
Negotiation is a strategic discussion that resolves an issue in a way that both parties find acceptable. Individuals should make separate, interactive decisions; and negotiation analysis considers how groups of reasonably bright individuals should and could make joint, collaborative decisions. These theories are interleaved and should be ...
For example, when negotiating with people in China, a negotiator should be aware of the Thirty-Six Stratagems which may be employed. [15]: 436–444 A 2020 literature review found significant differences in negotiation styles across various cultures, suggesting that negotiators must adapt their strategies based on cultural contexts.
By identifying criteria or principles that support or guide difficult allocation decisions, parties at the negotiating table can help the groups or organizations they represent to understand why the final package is not only supportable, but fundamentally “fair.” [20] This improves the stability of agreements, increases the chances of ...
In 1979, co-authors of the bestseller Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreement without Giving In, Roger Fisher and William Ury, along with Bruce Patton founded the Harvard Negotiation Project (HNP), with a mission to improve the theory, teaching, and practice of negotiation and dispute resolution, so that people could deal more constructively with conflicts ranging from the interpersonal to the ...
The moral minimum for negotiating ethics consists of interests of well-being, autonomy, political freedom, standard social roles, and focal interests. [5] Although the aggression and competition of gamesmanship may lead to short-term gains, it has two major drawbacks in an interest-based environment.