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Major bacterial spread occurs when superficial abscesses break open and release discharge that comes into contact by other animals during grooming or contaminates feed, water, and bedding that other animals consume. In horses, arthropod vectors are considered a significant source of infection.
The organism is commonly found in dry and dusty soil and can be important for diseases of domesticated animals (horses and goats). The frequency of infection can reach near 60%. [1] R. equi is an important pathogen causing pneumonia in foals. Since 2008, R. equi has been known to infect wild boar and domestic pigs. [2]
Rain scald (also known as dermatophilosis, tufailosis, rain rot or streptothricosis [1]) is a dermatological disease affecting cattle and horses. Once in the skin, the bacterium Dermatophilus congolensis causes inflammation of the skin as well as the appearance of scabs and lesions.
From the Greek derma (skin) + philos (loving), Dermatophilus congolensis is a Gram-positive, aerobic actinomycete, and facultatively anaerobic bacteria. D. congolensis infects the epidermis and produces exudative dermatitis termed dermatophilosis that was previously known as rain rot, rain scald, streptotrichosis, and mycotic dermatitis.
Mud fever, also known as scratches or pastern dermatitis, is a group of diseases of horses causing irritation and dermatitis in the lower limbs of horses. Often caused by a mixture of bacteria, typically Dermatophilus congolensis and Staphylococcus spp., mud fever can also be caused by fungal organisms (dermatophytes).
Over time, a horse builds up enough antibodies to overtake and fight the disease. Other treatment options can be applying heat packs to abscesses to help draw infection to the surface and using drawing salves such as Ichthammol. A blood test or bacterial cultures can be taken to confirm the horse is fighting pigeon fever. [3]