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Basic structure of a peroxisome Distribution of peroxisomes (white) in HEK 293 cells during mitosis Peroxisome in rat neonatal cardiomyocyte. A peroxisome (/ p ə ˈ r ɒ k s ɪ ˌ s oʊ m /) [1] is a membrane-bound organelle, a type of microbody, found in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells.
The cells of eukaryotic organisms are elaborately subdivided into functionally-distinct membrane-bound compartments. Some major constituents of eukaryotic cells are: extracellular space, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisome, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, nuclear matrix and ribosomes.
The protein is integrated into peroxisome membranes with its C-terminus exposed to the cytosol, and interacts with the cytosolic receptor for proteins containing a PTS1 peroxisomal targeting signal. The protein also functions as a transcriptional corepressor and interacts with a histone deacetylase.
Cellular compartments in cell biology comprise all of the closed parts within the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell, usually surrounded by a single or double lipid layer membrane. These compartments are often, but not always, defined as membrane-bound organelles. The formation of cellular compartments is called compartmentalization.
Peroxisome – A ubiquitous organelle in eukaryotes that participates in the metabolism of fatty acids and other metabolites. Peroxisomes have enzymes that rid the cell of toxic peroxides. Ribosome – It is a large and complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
PPARs were originally identified in Xenopus frogs as receptors that induce the proliferation of peroxisomes in cells in 1992. [7] The first PPAR (PPARα) was discovered in 1990 during the search for a molecular target of a group of agents then referred to as peroxisome proliferators , as they increased peroxisomal numbers in rodent liver tissue ...
Endothelium refers to cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, [1] forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. It is a thin layer of simple, or single-layered, squamous cells called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells in direct contact with blood are ...
PPAR-α is primarily activated through ligand binding. Endogenous ligands include fatty acids such as arachidonic acid as well as other polyunsaturated fatty acids and various fatty acid-derived compounds such as certain members of the 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid family of arachidonic acid metabolites, e.g. 15(S)-HETE, 15(R)-HETE, and 15(S)-HpETE and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, a ...