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An antecedent is the first half of a hypothetical proposition, whenever the if-clause precedes the then-clause. In some contexts the antecedent is called the protasis. [1] Examples: If , then . This is a nonlogical formulation of a hypothetical proposition. In this case, the antecedent is P, and the consequent is Q.
An invalid hypothetical syllogism either affirms the consequent (fallacy of the converse) or denies the antecedent (fallacy of the inverse). A pure hypothetical syllogism is a syllogism in which both premises and the conclusion are all conditional statements. The antecedent of one premise must match the consequent of the other for the ...
A-proposition A type of standard-form categorical proposition, asserting that all members of the subject category are included in the predicate category; symbolized as "All S are P". [1] [2] abduction A form of reasoning characterized by drawing a conclusion based on the best available explanation for a set of premises.
Each proposition has three essential parts: a subject, a predicate, and a copula connecting the subject to the predicate. [107] For example, the proposition "Socrates is wise" is made up of the subject "Socrates", the predicate "wise", and the copula "is". [108] The subject and the predicate are the terms of the proposition. Aristotelian logic ...
Modus ponens is a mixed hypothetical syllogism and is closely related to another valid form of argument, modus tollens. Both have apparently similar but invalid forms: affirming the consequent and denying the antecedent. Constructive dilemma is the disjunctive version of modus ponens. The history of modus ponens goes back to antiquity. [4]
A different meaning of the term hypothesis is used in formal logic, to denote the antecedent of a proposition; thus in the proposition "If P, then Q", P denotes the hypothesis (or antecedent); Q can be called a consequent. P is the assumption in a (possibly counterfactual) What If question.
Move over, Wordle, Connections and Mini Crossword—there's a new NYT word game in town! The New York Times' recent game, "Strands," is becoming more and more popular as another daily activity ...
To make use of the rules of inference in the above table we let be the proposition "If it rains today", be "We will not go on a canoe today" and let be "We will go on a canoe trip tomorrow". Then this argument is of the form: