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Model–view–viewmodel (MVVM) is an architectural pattern in computer software that facilitates the separation of the development of a graphical user interface (GUI; the view)—be it via a markup language or GUI code—from the development of the business logic or back-end logic (the model) such that the view is not dependent upon any ...
In 493 AD, Victorius of Aquitaine wrote a 98-column multiplication table which gave (in Roman numerals) the product of every number from 2 to 50 times and the rows were "a list of numbers starting with one thousand, descending by hundreds to one hundred, then descending by tens to ten, then by ones to one, and then the fractions down to 1/144 ...
The inverse table inv represents the multiplicative inverse of a digit, that is, the value that satisfies d(j, inv(j)) = 0. The permutation table p applies a permutation to each digit based on its position in the number. This is actually a single permutation (1 5 8 9 4 2 7 0)(3 6) applied iteratively; i.e. p(i+j,n) = p(i, p(j,n)).
An m×n S-box can be implemented as a lookup table with 2 m words of n bits each. Fixed tables are normally used, as in the Data Encryption Standard (DES), but in some ciphers the tables are generated dynamically from the key (e.g. the Blowfish and the Twofish encryption algorithms).
State space search is a process used in the field of computer science, including artificial intelligence (AI), in which successive configurations or states of an instance are considered, with the intention of finding a goal state with the desired property. Problems are often modelled as a state space, a set of states that a problem can be in.
Complexity of Forward Algorithm is (), where is the number of hidden or latent variables, like weather in the example above, and is the length of the sequence of the observed variable. This is clear reduction from the adhoc method of exploring all the possible states with a complexity of Θ ( n m n ) {\displaystyle \Theta (nm^{n})} .
Uniform binary search is an optimization of the classic binary search algorithm invented by Donald Knuth and given in Knuth's The Art of Computer Programming.It uses a lookup table to update a single array index, rather than taking the midpoint of an upper and a lower bound on each iteration; therefore, it is optimized for architectures (such as Knuth's MIX) on which
For example, if the polynomial used to define the finite field GF(2 8) is p = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x + 1, and a = x 6 + x 4 + x + 1 is the element whose inverse is desired, then performing the algorithm results in the computation described in the following table.