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The renminbi (RMB, also known as Chinese yuan; ISO code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China. [1] Although it is not a freely convertible currency, and has an official exchange rate, the CNY plays an important role in the world economy and international trade.
The Renminbi has appreciated 22 percent since the mechanism reform in 2005 of the Yuan exchange rate. [9] However, during the onset of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis , the renminbi was unofficially repegged to the US dollar.
For example, between 1994 and 2005, the Chinese yuan renminbi (RMB) was pegged to the United States dollar at RMB 8.2768 to $1. China was not the only country to do this; from the end of World War II until 1967, Western European countries all maintained fixed exchange rates with the US dollar based on the Bretton Woods system. [13]
According to data from the IMF, the U.S. dollar accounted for 59.17% of global allocated foreign exchange reserves in the third quarter of 2023 (the latest data set).
De Facto Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements, as of April 30, 2021, and Monetary Policy Frameworks [2] Exchange rate arrangement (Number of countries) Exchange rate anchor Monetary aggregate target (25) Inflation Targeting framework (45) Others (43) US Dollar (37) Euro (28) Composite (8) Other (9) No separate legal tender (16) Ecuador ...
With Chinese companies unable to hold US dollars and foreign companies unable to hold Chinese yuan, all transactions would go through the People's Bank of China. Once the sum was paid by the foreign party in dollars, the central bank would pass the settlement in renminbi to the Chinese company at the state-controlled exchange rate.
It is also used as a synonym of that currency, especially in international contexts – the ISO 4217 standard code for renminbi is CNY, an abbreviation of "Chinese yuan". (A similar case is the use of the terms sterling to designate British currency and pound for the unit of account.)
List of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in mainland China by Nominal GDP in 2023 (billions of GDP) [1] Average exchange rate in 2023: CNY 7.0467 per USD [2] (PPP no longer included in the table for frequent changes in its index)