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Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) (also known as MYL, RNF71, PP8675 or TRIM19 [5]) is the protein product of the PML gene. PML protein is a tumor suppressor protein required for the assembly of a number of nuclear structures, called PML-nuclear bodies, which form amongst the chromatin [5] of the cell nucleus.
The cause of PML is a type of polyomavirus called the JC virus (JCV), after the initials of the person (John Cunningham) from whose tissue the virus was first successfully cultured. Publications indicate 39 [ 3 ] to 58% [ 4 ] of the general population are seropositive for antibodies to JCV, indicating current or previous infection with the virus.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene on chromosome 17. [3] In 95% of cases of APL, the RARA gene on chromosome 17 is involved in a reciprocal translocation with the promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML) on chromosome 15, a translocation denoted as t(15;17)(q22;q21). [3]
Heroin, for example, is generally undetectable in urine after three to five days. As the chart below shows, traces of drugs like LSD, morphine, heroin, amphetamines, and alcohol all remain in the ...
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Additionally, a nuclear body subtype is a clastosome suggested to be a site of protein degradation. [ 4 ] While biomolecular condensate is a term often used interchangeably with nuclear bodies, the term "condensates" implies the thermodynamic properties of the body are known. [ 5 ]
The drug was pulled off the U.S. market because of the association with PML on April 10, 2009. [citation needed] A boxed warning for brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris) was issued by the FDA on January 13, 2011 after two cases of PML were reported, bringing the total number of associated cases to three. [30]