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Guṇasthāna (Sanskrit: "levels of virtue") are the fourteen stages of spiritual development and growth through which a soul gradually passes before it attains moksha (liberation). [1] According to Jainism , it is a state of soul from a complete dependence on karma to the state of complete dissociation from it.
The perennial position is "largely dismissed by scholars" [1] but "has lost none of its popularity". [1] Instead, a constructionist approach became dominant during the 1970s, which states that mystical experiences are mediated by pre-existing frames of reference, while the attribution approach focuses on the (religious) meaning that is ...
The general purpose of rituals is to express some fundamental truth or meaning, evoke spiritual, numinous emotional responses from participants, and/or engage a group of people in unified action to strengthen their communal bonds. The word ritual, when used as an adjective, relates to the noun 'rite', as in rite of passage.
A religious experience (sometimes known as a spiritual experience, sacred experience, mystical experience) is a subjective experience which is interpreted within a religious framework. [1] The concept originated in the 19th century, as a defense against the growing rationalism of Western society. [2] William James popularised the concept. [2]
The Saṅgha is the third of the Three Refuges. [3] Common over all schools is that the āryasaṅgha is the foremost form of this third jewel. As for recognizable current-life forms, the interpretation of what is the Jewel depends on how a school defines Saṅgha.
The Chinese language has two common words meaning "to whistle": xiào 嘯 or 啸 "whistle; howl; roar; wail" and shào 哨 "warble; chirp; whistle; sentry". Word usage of xiào 嘯 (first occurring in the c. 10th century BCE Shijing, below) is historically older than shào 哨 (first in the c. 2nd century BCE Liji describing a pitch-pot's "wry mouth"). [1]
1. Turn immediately to Part One and start answering the ten Best Year Yet questions. If you want help or explanations as you go along, turn to the chapter in PART TWO that relates to the question you're working on. 2. Read Part One and Part Two as preparation for your workshop, perhaps making notes as you read. When you've finished, set
Eagle bone whistles are used in many ceremonies of various American Indigenous cultures. [1] The eagle bone whistle may be considered as a ceremonial or sacred object which may not be considered a musical instrument, if music is defined as entertainment: "There is no time or need...to wallow in distinctions between a feather-and-bone raptor and a bone whistle avian mysticism; one would no ...