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Starvation response in animals (including humans) is a set of adaptive biochemical and physiological changes, triggered by lack of food or extreme weight loss, in which the body seeks to conserve energy by reducing metabolic rate and/or non-resting energy expenditure to prolong survival and preserve body fat and lean mass.
By doing so, the body can regulate its resources and energy storage efficiently. Another key component of allostasis is the brain's perception and subsequent adaptation to chronic stress. Sterling and Eyer theorized that the brain can anticipate stressors to prepare the body to respond adequately to environmental demands through classical ...
But energy can be converted from one form of energy to another. So, when a calorie of food energy is consumed, one of three particular effects occur within the body: a portion of that calorie may be stored as body fat , triglycerides , or glycogen , transferred to cells and converted to chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP ...
Each of these variables is controlled by one or more regulators or homeostatic mechanisms, which together maintain life. Homeostasis is brought about by a natural resistance to change when already in optimal conditions, [2] and equilibrium is maintained by many regulatory mechanisms; it is thought to be the central motivation for all organic ...
Human physiology is the study of how the human body's systems and functions work together to maintain a stable internal environment. It includes the study of the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, and urinary systems, as well as cellular and exercise physiology.
Metabolism (/ m ə ˈ t æ b ə l ɪ z ə m /, from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.The three main functions of metabolism are: the conversion of the energy in food to energy available to run cellular processes; the conversion of food to building blocks of proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and some carbohydrates; and the ...
The effect of training on the body has been defined as the reaction to the adaptive responses of the body arising from exercise [3] or as "an elevation of metabolism produced by exercise". [ 4 ] Exercise physiologists study the effect of exercise on pathology , and the mechanisms by which exercise can reduce or reverse disease progression.
Aerobic conditioning increases the amount of physical activity that the body can endure . It benefits sports performance as well. [4] This type of conditioning can help with heart disease, diabetes, or anxiety. Aerobic conditioning also has many general benefits, such as improving mood, alleviating fatigue and stabilizing sleeping patterns. [22]