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Dos Santos in 2012. Theotônio dos Santos Junior (11 November 1936 in Carangola – 27 February 2018 in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian economist.He was one of the formulators of the Dependency Theory and supported the World-System theory.
Dependency theory is the idea that resources flow from a "periphery" of poor and exploited states to a "core" of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the former. A central contention of dependency theory is that poor states are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are integrated into the "world system".
It was widely employed as a term to describe post-colonial dependency relations in the developing world, especially in Latin America. [1] As part of the larger theoretical position usually called dependency theory. It was particularly popular in the 1960s and 1970s, and other issues took center stage in development economics at later periods.
Ruy Mauro de Araújo Marini (May 2, 1932 – July, 5, 1997) was a Brazilian economist and sociologist.Marini is internationally known as one of the creators of dependency theory, [1] [2] [3] Super-exploitation, and Unequal Exchange.
Neocolonial dependence, also known as the Neocolonial Dependance Model or Dependency Theory is an indirect outgrowth of Marxist thinking which is a subgroup of development economics. According to this doctrine, third world underdevelopment is viewed as the result of highly unequal international capitalist system or rich country-poor country ...
Other world-systems theorists include Oliver Cox, Giovanni Arrighi, Christopher Chase-Dunn, Beverly Silver, Volker Bornschier, Janet Abu Lughod, Thomas D. Hall, Kunibert Raffer, Theotonio dos Santos, Dale Tomich, Jason W. Moore and others. [97] World-systems theory has been heavily criticized from a number of angles.
Dependency theory states that the poverty of the countries in the periphery is not because they are not integrated into the world system, but because of how they are integrated into the system. These poor nations provide natural resources, cheap labor, and consumer markets for the wealthy nations, without which, according to dependency ...
In the dependency theory of thinkers like Raúl Prebisch, Walter Rodney, Theotônio dos Santos, and others, the Third World has also been connected to the world-systemic economic division as "periphery" countries dominated by the countries comprising the economic "core". [1]