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The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an electrical field.
Dielectric films tend to exhibit greater dielectric strength than thicker samples of the same material. For instance, the dielectric strength of silicon dioxide films of thickness around 1 μm is about 0.5 GV/m. [3] However very thin layers (below, say, 100 nm) become partially conductive because of electron tunneling.
Another common term encountered for both absolute and relative permittivity is the dielectric constant which has been deprecated in physics and engineering [2] as well as in chemistry. [ 3 ] By definition, a perfect vacuum has a relative permittivity of exactly 1 whereas at standard temperature and pressure , air has a relative permittivity of ...
For high voltage applications, a good dielectric gas should have high dielectric strength, high thermal stability and chemical inertness against the construction materials used, non-flammability and low toxicity, low boiling point, good heat transfer properties, and low cost. [1] The most common dielectric gas is air, due to its ubiquity and ...
For air at standard conditions for temperature and pressure (STP), the voltage needed to arc a 1-metre gap is about 3.4 MV. [7] The intensity of the electric field for this gap is therefore 3.4 MV/m. The electric field needed to arc across the minimal-voltage gap is much greater than what is necessary to arc a gap of one metre.
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