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Sonication machines for record cleaning at Swiss National Sound Archives. Sonication is the mechanism used in ultrasonic cleaning—loosening particles adhering to surfaces. In addition to laboratory science applications, sonicating baths have applications including cleaning objects such as spectacles and jewelry.
Ultrasonic cleaning is a process that uses ultrasound (usually from 20 to 40 kHz) to agitate a fluid, with a cleaning effect. Ultrasonic cleaners come in a variety of sizes, from small desktop units with an internal volume of less than 0.5 litres (0.13 US gal), to large industrial units with volumes approaching 1,000 litres (260 US gal).
Ultrasonic cleaner showing the removable basket in place, and a closeup of the light and timer Ultrasonic cleaners are useful for jewelry cleaning and removing tarnish. They use ultrasound waves and chemicals combined to create bubbles that "cling" to the foreign particles such as dirt, oil, and unknown substances.
Sonochemistry can be performed by using a bath (usually used for ultrasonic cleaning) or with a high power probe, called an ultrasonic horn, which funnels and couples a piezoelectric element's energy into the water, concentrated at one (typically small) point.
Ultrasonic technology has been used for multiple cleaning purposes. One of which that been gaining a decent amount of traction in the past decade is ultrasonic gun cleaning. In ultrasonic welding and ultrasonic wire bonding , plastics and metals are joining using vibrations created by power ultrasonic transducers.
Megasonic cleaning is a specialized cleaning method that utilizes high-frequency sound waves to remove contaminants from delicate surfaces. It is particularly effective in industries like semiconductor manufacturing , optics , and medical device production, where precision and gentle cleaning are crucial.