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The sporangium has an operculum, epiphragm, columella, sporangial jacket, a spore bearing layer, and nematodontous teeth. Nematodontous teeth are composed of whole, thickened dead cells. [ 10 ] Although nematodontous teeth are not hygroscopic , [ 11 ] they may aid in spore dispersal through small movements (they do not move much). [ 9 ]
The identification of this species is not problematic after sporulation event because of its characteristic flask-shaped sporangium with spherical venter and a distinct dome-shped columella and dichotomously branched rhizoid complex. [3] [6] On top of the venter, there is a neck with closed apex with a mucilaginous plug. [6]
Mucor spores or sporangiospores can be simple or branched and form apical, globular sporangia that are supported and elevated by a column-shaped columella. Mucor species can be differentiated from molds of the genera Absidia , Rhizomucor , and Rhizopus by the shape and insertion of the columella, and the lack of stolons and rhizoids .
Stemonitis axifera requires about 20 hours to finish making its fruit bodies. Of this, eight hours are needed for induction of the sporangia and the development of the stalk and the columella, six hours more for the sporocarps to produce pigment and mature, and an additional six until the spores are discharged.
A columella (pl. columellae) is a sterile (non-reproductive) structure that extends into and supports the sporangium of some species. In fungi, the columella, which may be branched or unbranched, may be of fungal or host origin. Secotium species have a simple, unbranched columella, while in Gymnoglossum species, the
Mortierellomycotina reproduce asexually by sporangia that either lack or have a reduced columella, which support the sporangium. [3] Species of Mortierellomycotina only form microscopic colonies, but some make multicellular sporocarps . [ 15 ]
Rhizopus is a genus of common saprophytic fungi on plants and specialized parasites on animals. They are found in a wide variety of organic substances, including "mature fruits and vegetables", [2] jellies, syrups, leather, bread, peanuts, and tobacco.
The term columella is also used to refer to story 1 to story 4 (S1 – S4) cells in the root cap, located apically of the quiescent centre. [citation needed] In vascular plants, columella tissue helps the roots to perceive gravity. Within columella cells, the amyloplasts and Golgi apparatus organelles tend to fall to the bottom third of the ...
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